Tracheoinnominate fistula (TIF) is an uncommon, life-threatening complication that
typically occurs when a tracheostomy tube erodes into the posterior aspect of the
innominate artery. Although TIF occurs most commonly after tracheostomy, it has also
been reported following other procedures in this anatomic region, including tracheal
resection and tracheal stenting. As with all infrequent surgical complications, it
is essential for the clinician to maintain a high index of suspicion for TIF when
evaluating a patient with any amount of peristomal hemorrhage or hemoptysis. It is
equally important that physicians who care for patients at risk for TIF have a clear
understanding of the emergency management and operative correction of this frequently
fatal complication.
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© 2003 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.